How to Automate a Login Page by Playwright Java




When automating a login page with Playwright in Java, the process involves simulating the exact steps a real user would perform when logging into a web application. Here’s the conceptual flow:

1. Test Preparation

  • Launch Browser: Use Playwright to start a browser instance (Chrome, Firefox, WebKit).
  • Create Context and Page: A browser context is like a fresh user session, and a page represents a single browser tab. These are required to isolate the login test.

2. Navigating to the Login Page
  • Direct the browser to the application’s login URL.
  • Ensure the page is fully loaded before proceeding (Playwright automatically waits for the page to be ready, but explicit waits can be used for synchronization).
3. Interacting with Input Fields
  • Locate Username Field: Identify the username/email input box using a selector (ID, name, placeholder, or CSS).
  • Locate Password Field: Similarly, find the password input field.
  • Enter Credentials: Simulate typing the username and password into their respective fields.
4. Clicking the Login Button
  • Identify the login/submit button on the page.
  • Simulate a user click on the button. Playwright ensures the element is ready for interaction before performing the click.
5. Handling Synchronization
  • After clicking login, the application might redirect to another page (like a dashboard).
  • Playwright automatically waits for navigation, but you may also wait for a specific element on the home/dashboard page to confirm successful login.
6. Validation of Login
  • Positive Scenario: Verify that a unique element on the home page (e.g., a profile icon, welcome message, or logout button) is visible, confirming login success.
  • Negative Scenario: Check for error messages (example: “Invalid username or password”) when wrong credentials are entered.
7. Security & Session Handling
  • Playwright allows capturing and storing cookies or session tokens. This can be reused in future tests to avoid repeated logins.
  • Browser Context ensures each test runs in isolation, preventing session overlap.
8. Tear Down
  • After test execution, close the page, context, and browser to free up resources.
  • This ensures test environments remain clean and consistent.












Website to be automated: 

https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/web/index.php/auth/login






Add maven dependency in pom.xml:

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.microsoft.playwright</groupId>
        <artifactId>playwright</artifactId>
        <version>1.44.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

Java Code to Automate Login


import com.microsoft.playwright.*;

public class OrangeHRMLoginTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Step 1: Launch Playwright
        try (Playwright playwright = Playwright.create()) {

            // Step 2: Launch a browser (Chromium)
            Browser browser = playwright.chromium().launch(new BrowserType.LaunchOptions().setHeadless(false));

            // Step 3: Create a new browser context
            BrowserContext context = browser.newContext();

            // Step 4: Open a new page
            Page page = context.newPage();

            // Step 5: Navigate to the login page
            page.navigate("https://opensource-demo.orangehrmlive.com/web/index.php/auth/login");

            // Step 6: Wait for username input field to be visible
            page.waitForSelector("input[name='username']");

            // Step 7: Fill in the login credentials
            page.fill("input[name='username']", "Admin");
            page.fill("input[name='password']", "admin123");

            // Step 8: Click the login button
            page.click("button[type='submit']");

            // Step 9: Print login success message
            System.out.println("Login successful!");

            // Optional: Close browser after verification
            browser.close();
        }
    }
}

Code explanation:

Line/BlockExplanation
Playwright.create()Starts Playwright engine
chromium().launch(...)Launches Chromium browser (can be firefox() or webkit() too)
browser.newContext()Creates a new isolated browser context (like incognito)
context.newPage()Opens a new browser tab/page
page.navigate(url)Opens the specified URL
page.fill(selector, value)Enters value into input field (selector is a CSS locator)
page.click(selector)Clicks the element (e.g., login button)
browser.close()Closes the browser at the end
Required Credentials

For this demo:

  • Username: Admin
  • Password: admin123


Points to Consider:
  • This script assumes that the page loads fast enough, but for real-world tests, you should use explicit waits where needed.
  • You can run this from a main method or integrate it into a test framework like JUnit/TestNG for proper test cases.
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