Environment Setup for Maven

Setting up the Maven environment is a crucial step for managing Java-based projects efficiently. Below is a detailed step-by-step guide to install and set up Apache Maven on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

1. Prerequisites for All OS

Before you install Maven:

Java (JDK) must be installed.
Ensure the JAVA_HOME environment variable is set.

How to Check java installed on machine:

java -version
javac -version

If not installed, download Java JDK from: https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/javase-downloads.html or use OpenJDK (https://jdk.java.net/)

Windows Installation Steps

Step 1: Download Maven

Go to https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi
Download the binary zip archive (example: apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.zip)

Step 2: Extract and Place Maven

Extract it to a folder (example: C:\Program Files\Apache\Maven)

Step 3: Set Environment Variables

Search for “Environment Variables” in Start Menu.
Under System Variables:
- Add MAVEN_HOME:

Variable Name: MAVEN_HOME
Variable Value: C:\Program Files\Apache\Maven\apache-maven-3.9.6

Edit the Path variable and add:

%MAVEN_HOME%\bin

Ensure JAVA_HOME is set:

If not, add:

Variable Name: JAVA_HOME
Variable Value: path to JDK (e.g., C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-17)

Step 4: Verify Installation

mvn -v

Linux Installation Steps:

Step 1: Install Java

sudo apt update
sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk

Set JAVA_HOME:

echo "export JAVA_HOME=$(dirname $(dirname $(readlink -f $(which javac))))" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

Step 2: Download Maven

wget https://downloads.apache.org/maven/maven-3/3.9.6/binaries/apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz

Step 3: Extract and Move

tar -xvzf apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz
sudo mv apache-maven-3.9.6 /opt/maven

Step 4: Set Environment Variables
Edit ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc:

export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/maven
export PATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$PATH

Apply changes:

source ~/.bashrc

Step 5: Verify Installation

mvn -v

macOS Installation Steps

Option 1: Using Homebrew (Recommended)

brew install maven

Option 2: Manual Installation

Step 1: Install Java

Use brew install openjdk or download from Oracle.

Step 2: Download Maven

Download from https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

Step 3: Extract and Move

tar -xvzf apache-maven-3.9.6-bin.tar.gz
sudo mv apache-maven-3.9.6 /opt/maven

Step 4: Set Environment Variables

Edit your shell profile (~/.zshrc, ~/.bash_profile, or ~/.bashrc):

export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home)
export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/maven
export PATH=$MAVEN_HOME/bin:$PATH

Apply changes:

source ~/.zshrc  # or relevant shell file

Step 5: Verify

mvn -v

Output:

Apache Maven 3.9.6
Java version: 17.0.1
Java home: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-17
Default locale: en_US
OS name: "windows 10", version: "10.0", arch: "amd64"